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Smart management of the modern cities with high number of cultural diversities and differences wouldn’t happen except through focusing on the important concepts and infrastructures as a necessary factor. Moreover, the study found that the smart city initiatives form complex and multidisciplinary platforms that require holistic evaluation as the current evaluation methods and rankings of the smart cities vary considerably, making the evaluation of the success of the smart cities difficult.Īs a new approach to city management and the most important axis of the smart city, smart governance covers providing desirable citizen services through smart infrastructures. The main conclusion of this study was that the current research on smart city does not fully address the complex nature, conflicts and interdependencies of the smart city objectives. Various actors responsible to convert a traditional city to a smart city are defined and analysed within the context of this study. The research strategy in this study approximates the grounded theory, utilising inductive reasoning to generate arguments and conclusions about the form, validity and future of the smart city. A qualitative comparison of the smart city initiatives in selected target countries and cities were done. The objective of this study is to critically review the smart city research paradigm and to find possible pitfalls, conflicting results and topics for further study and improvement. Cities all over the world see this as an opportunity for better quality of life. ICT is the enabler that, when properly used for networking and integration, provides social, environmental and economic benefits for all. The technological systems can only be managed if they are properly integrated. The essence of being smart in modern society lies in acting locally but being networked outside one’s own geographical location. Upgrading existing infrastructure asks for new business concepts including new models for ownership.Importance of resiliency, safety and security is highlighted.mobility as a service, building as a service, energy as-a-service, X-as-a-service are coming

Importance of energy management at building and district level increases as well as the increased use of low carbon energies.

Cities have many stakeholders value-chains and changing and new eco-systems are emerging.

Integrated and cross-sectoral planning and management is essential.

Digitalisation in enabling new services and innovation as well as more efficient systems.

The main cross-cutting conclusion in specific roadmap areas were following: Real PPPP (public, private and people partnership) model in which all actors are committed to development and innovation together. It also requires higher-level cooperation with the city administration and its agencies. It comprises citizens and business-based services and solutions. This novel integrating approach by different sectors would make use of the synergistic opportunities provided by advanced ICT. Smart management is the key to maintaining people’s wellbeing under the pressure of resource efficiency. Multifunctioning systems not only create cost savings but also increase safety and reliability through better utilization of intelligent, integrated and optimized networks. Holistically operating resource-efficient cities are better able to react to changes. Sustainable transformation of cities is only possible when it is done in a smart way. At the same time, cities have limited access to financial resources. The need for investment and expenditure to improve energy efficiency, modernize infrastructure and create high quality living environments is enormous. Pressure is growing to reduce our environmental impact, and there is a parallel compelling need for business to remain globally competitive. At the same time, societal development needs to be addressed and the focus put on people’s well-being. Our challenge is to reduce environmental impact and the carbon footprint.

It can be said that efficient technologies and ICT, one part of which is the Internet of Things, is a common dominator: tying together services, residency, mobility, infrastructure and energy.

As more and more people get together, smart systems and their integration need to be developed, not only to provide the services that people need but also to do so efficiently with minimum impact on the environment.